3-Methyladipic acid is a metabolite of the catabolism of phytanic acid. Patients with adult Refsums disease (ARD) are unable to detoxify phytanic acid by alpha-oxidation and so the w-oxidation pathway is the only metabolic pathway available for phytanic acid degradation.

UDP-?glucuronic acid trisodium is a critical precursor for essential glycoconjugates across biological kingdoms, ranging from mammalian glycosaminoglycans and plant cell wall polysaccharides to bacterial capsule glycoglycerolipids.

Ganoderic acid X is a potential Mdm2 inhibitor(K(i) = 16nM). It is a potential anticancer drug, inhibits topoisomerases and induces apoptosis of cancer cells.